Q: What is the difference between JSP and JSF?
JSP simply provides a Page which may contain markup, embedded Java code, and tags which encapsulate more complicated logic / html.
JSF may use JSP as its template, but provides much more. This includes validation, rich component model and lifecycle, more sophisticated EL, separation of data, navigation handling, different view technologies (instead of JSP), ability to provide more advanced features such as AJAX, etc.
32. What is JSF life cycle and its phases?
The series of steps followed by an application is called its life cycle. A JSF application typically follows six steps in its life.
a. Restore view phase
b. Apply request values phase
c. Process validations phase
d. Update model values phase
e. Invoke application phase
f. Render response phase

Q: What is the role of Renderer in JSF? and justify the statement "JSF supports multiple client devices".
After creating JSF components, it is also necessary for each component to be rendered to the client so that it can be visible to the client’s device. Each of the tag gives rise to an associated component. A renderer is a type of class that is responsible for encoding and decoding components. Encoding displays the component while decoding translates the user’s input into components value i.e. transform it into values the component can understand.
Now a days there are many devices that are web enabled. So application developers have challenge to develop components that can work across various platforms. For example, if we have an application that works on standard web browser and we want to extend it to make it enable to work on a WAP device. So, to handle this case we need components to be rendered in more than one way. Here JSF can be helpful. This is a simple task for JSF. The solution is to develop separate renderers for the component. JSF components use different renderers depending on the device used.

Q: What is Render Kit in JSF?
Component classes generally transfer the task of generating output to the renderer. All JSF components follow it. Render kit is a set of related renderers. javax.faces.render.RenderKit is the class which represents the render kit. The default render kit contains renderers for html but it’s up to you to make it for other markup languages. Render kit can implement a skin (a look & feel). Render kit can target a specific device like phone, PC or markup language like HTML, WML, SVG. This is one of the best benefit of JSF because JSF doesn't limit to any device or markup.

Q: What is conversion and validation? and how are they related?
This is one of the phase of JSF life cycle that happens before binding the component data to the related backing bean in the Update model values phase.
Conversion is the process of transforming the component data from String to Java objects and vice versa. For example, an user enters a value (String) in an input component and this value is to store in a Date field in the backing bean then this String value is converted to a java.util.Date value when request is sent to the server and vice versa. This process is called Conversion.
Validation is the process of ensuring data contains the expected content. For example, checking the Date value is in MM./dd/YYYY format or any integer value is between 1 to 10.
The main purpose of conversion and validation is to ensure the values are of correct type and following the required criteria before updating model data. So this step allows you to focus on business logic rather than working on tedious qualifications of input data such as null checks, length qualifiers, range boundaries, etc.

Q: When automatic conversion is supplied by JSF Implementation?
JSF implementation automatically converts component data between presentation view and model when the bean property associated with the component is of one of the types supported by the component's data.
For example, If a UISelectBoolean component is associated with a bean property of type Boolean, then JSF implementation will automatically convert the data from String to Boolean.
1. Which type of converters can we use in our application?
A JSF application can use two types of converters :
1. JSF standard Converters
JSF supplies built-in converters known as standard converters. All standard converters implements javax.faces.convert.Converter interface. These converter classes are listed below :
1. BigDecimalConverter
2. BigIntegerConverter
3. BooleanConverter
4. ByteConverter
5. CharacterConverter
6. DateTimeConverter
7. DoubleConverter
8. FloatConverter
9. IntegerConverter
10. LongConverter
11. NumberConverter
12. ShortConverter
2. Custom Converter
Custom data converter is useful in in converting field data into an application-specific value object. For example,
1. String to User object.
2. String to Product object etc.